Explain all type of protein vitamin minerals deficiency disease
Answers
PROTEIN DEFICIENCY DISEASE :
KWASHIORKOR
Kwashiorkor disease caused by severe protein deficiency . Kwashiorkor usually sets in children between the age of 2-3 years when their daily intake of protein is less than 1 gram of body weight . The symptoms are stunted growth , bulging eyes , skin becomes scaly and peels off , hair becomes reddish before the age of 5 .
MARASMUS
When the energy is predominantly insufficient the diseases called is marasmus . Marasmus is caused by inadequate intake of food or starvation . It is common in infants below 1 year of age . Since carbohydrates and proteins are inadequate in the diet even the stored fat parts are used for producing energy . Thus , the children suffers from general deficiency of proteins , carbohydrates and fats . It is characterized by fat layer beneath the skin totally disappeared , digestion is impaired , and retarded physical and mental growth .
MINERAL DEFICIENCY DISEASE :
ANAEMIA
The disease anaemia is caused due to the deficiency of the mineral iron . Iron is required by the body to form the protein haemoglobin . Haemoglobin is present in the red blood cells and its main function is to carry oxygen from lungs to various parts of the body . This oxygen is required to release energy from the food we eat and is carried by the blood . Thus , a person suffering from anaemia will not get sufficient energy to carry out various life activities .It is characterized by loss in weight , paleness in colour and breathlessness occurs.
GOITRE
Goitre is an enlargement of the thyroid gland present in the neck . It occurs due to the deficiency of iodine . Iodine is needed for the production of a hormone thyroxine secreted by the thyroid gland . Thyroxine controls the rate at which the body uses oxygen if the body does not get sufficient iodine , the gland enlarges . It is characterized by enlargement of thyroid gland , the person feels tired and lethargic . Deficiency of iodine in childhood causes physical and mental retardation which is also termed as cretinism .
VITAMIN DEFICIENCY DISEASES :
RICKETS
This disease is caused by the deficiency of fat soluble vitamin D also called sunshine vitamin . Vitamin D is synthesized by the body in the skin in the presence of sunlight . The UV rays of the sunlight convert the cholesterol in the skin to Vitamin D . Deficiency of vitamin D leads to rickets in children and osteomalacia in adults . Vitamin D is essential for healthy teeth and bone formation along with calcium and phosphorus . The deficiency of vitamin D leads to the deficiency of calcium and phosphorus in the bones . It is characterized by delayed teething and walking , deformities in the body like curved legs and curved ribs making the body pigeon-chested .
BERI BERI
Beri beri is a disease caused by the deficiency of a water soluble vitamin Vitamin B1 also called thiamine or anti Beri Beri vitamin . It is essential for carbohydrate metabolism and hence in body growth . The disease was first observed among Japanese sailors who were given polished rice in the diet . During polishing or milling of rice thiamine is readily lost . It is characterized by heart enlargement , nervous disorders , indigestion and swelling of the legs due to water accumulation in tissues.