Question

explain how the three states of matter arise due to variation in characteristics of their particles

Answer 1

in solid the particles are more closely packed then in liquid and in gas the particles are very loosely packed..

Answer 2

The following properties of particles decide whether a given substance will exist as Solid, liquid or gases :
1. Inter molecular spaces.
2. Inter molecular forces.
3. The amount of Movement of particles .

In solid :

In solid, the particles are closely packed . 
There is strong force of attraction.
The particles vibrate about their mean position
They have minimum kinetic energy.

In liquids :

In liquids, particles are not as close as in solids.
They are some what loosely packed.
The inter molecular space is more than solids
Inter molecular force is less than solids.
The particles of liquids can move from one place to another.
The particles of liquid have more Kinetic energy than solids.

In gases :

In gases, particles are much farther apart from one another compared to solids and liquids.
The inter molecular space is more than solids and liquids.
Inter molecular force is very negligible.
The particles of gases can move from one place to another.
The particles of solids have more Kinetic energy than liquids.