Find out 10 known Indian astronomers who have
contributed remarkably
to astronomy
Make a
list
of them and write about their contribution
in
astronomy. please make a list of them
Answers
Indian astronomy has a long history stretching from pre-historic to modern times. Some of the earliest roots of Indian astronomy can be dated to the period of Indus Valley Civilization or earlier.[1][2] Astronomy later developed as a discipline of Vedanga or one of the "auxiliary disciplines" associated with the study of the Vedas,[3] dating 1500 BCE or older.[4] The oldest known text is the Vedanga Jyotisha, dated to 1400–1200 BCE (with the extant form possibly from 700–600 BCE).[5]
Indian astronomy was influenced by Greek astronomy beginning in the 4th century BCE[6][7][8] and through the early centuries of the Common Era, for example by the Yavanajataka[6] and the Romaka Siddhanta, a Sanskrit translation of a Greek text disseminated from the 2nd century.[9]
Indian astronomy flowered in the 5th–6th century, with Aryabhata, whose Aryabhatiya represented the pinnacle of astronomical knowledge at the time. Later the Indian astronomy significantly influenced Muslim astronomy, Chinese astronomy, European astronomy,[10] and others. Other astronomers of the classical era who further elaborated on Aryabhata's work include Brahmagupta, Varahamihira and Lalla.
An identifiable native Indian astronomical tradition remained active throughout the medieval period and into the 16th or 17th century, especially within the Kerala school of astronomy and mathematics.
Indian astronomy has a long history stretching from pre-historic to modern times. Some of the earliest roots of Indian astronomy can be dated to the period of Indus Valley Civilization or earlier.[1][2] Astronomy later developed as a discipline of Vedanga or one of the "auxiliary disciplines" associated with the study of the Vedas,[3] dating 1500 BCE or older.[4] The oldest known text is the VedangaJyotisha, dated to 1400–1200 BCE (with
the extant form possibly from 700–600
BCE).[5]
Indian astronomy was influenced by Greek
astronomy beginning in the 4th century
BCE[6][7][8] and through the early centuries
of the Common Era, for example by the
Yavanajataka[6] and the Romaka
Siddhanta, a Sanskrit translation of a
Greek text disseminated from the 2nd
century.[9]
Indian astronomy flowered in the 5th–6th
century, with Aryabhata, whose
Aryabhatiya represented the pinnacle ofastronomical knowledge at the time. Later
the Indian astronomy significantly
influenced Muslim astronomy, Chinese
astronomy, European astronomy,[10] and
others. Other astronomers of the classical
era who further elaborated on Aryabhata's
work include Brahmagupta, Varahamihira
and Lalla.
An identifiable native Indian astronomical
tradition remained active throughout the
medieval period and into the 16th or 17th
century, especially within the Kerala school
of astronomy and mathematics.History
Some of the earliest forms of astronomy
can be dated to the period of Indus Valley
Civilization, or earlier.[1][2] Some
cosmological concepts are present in the
Vedas, as are notions of the movement of
heavenly bodies and the course of the
year.[3] As in other traditions, there is a
close association of astronomy and
religion during the early history of the
science, astronomical observation being
necessitated by spatial and temporal
requirements of correct performance of
religious ritual. Thus, the Shulba Sutras,texts dedicated to altar construction,
discusses advanced mathematics and
basic astronomy.[11] Vedanga Jyotisha is
another of the earliest known Indian texts
on astronomy,[12] it includes the details
about the Sun, Moon, nakshatras, lunisolar
calendar.[13][14]
Greek astronomical ideas began to enter
India in the 4th century BCE following the
conquests of Alexander the Great.[6][7][8][9]
By the early centuries of the Common Era,
Indo-Greek influence on the astronomical
tradition is visible, with texts such as the
Yavanajataka[6] and Romaka Siddhanta.[9]Later astronomers mention the existence
of various siddhantas during this period,
among them a text known as the Surya
Siddhanta. These were not fixed texts but
rather an oral tradition of knowledge, and
their content is not extant. The text today
known as Surya Siddhanta dates to the
Gupta period and was received by
Aryabhata.
The classical era of Indian astronomy
begins in the late Gupta era, in the 5th to
6th centuries. The Pañcasiddhāntikā by
Varāhamihira (505 CE) approximates the
method for determination of the meridiandirection from any three positions of the shadow using a gnomon.[11] By the time of Aryabhata the motion of planets was treated to be elliptical rather than circular.[15] Other topics included definitions of different units of time, eccentric models of planetary motion, epicyclic models of planetary motion, and planetary longitude corrections for various terrestrial locations.[15]