how many elements are given in the path of yoga by patanjali
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State Legislature: Organisation, Powers and Limitations on the Powers of State Legislature
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State Legislature: Organisation, Powers and Limitations on the Powers of State Legislature!
I. State Legislature:
The Constitution of India provides for a legislature in each State and entrusts it with the responsibility to make laws for the state. However, the composition of a state Legislature can be different in different states. It can be either bicameral or unicameral. Presently, only six states (Andhra Pradesh, Bihar, J&K, Karnataka Maharashtra and UP) have bi-cameral legislatures. Twenty two States and Two Union Territories (Delhi and Puducherry) have uni-cameral Legislatures.
In case of a bicameral state legislature, the upper house is known as State Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) and the lower house as the State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha). Where there is only one House of the State Legislature, it is known as the State Legislative Assembly. Orissa has a unicameral legislature with Orissa Legislative Assembly as its all powerful house.
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(I) Method of Abolition or Creation of a State Legislative Council:
The power to establish or abolish the Legislative Council in a state belongs to the Union Parliament. It can do it by enacting a law. The Parliament, however, acts when the Legislative Assembly of the concerned state passes a desired resolution by a majority of its total membership and by a majority of not less than two-thirds of the members of the State Legislative Assembly present and voting.
Organisation of a State Legislature:
(A) Composition of the State Legislative Assembly (Vidhan Sabha):
The State Legislative Assembly, popularly known as Vidhan Sabha, is the lower, directly elected, popular and powerful house of the state legislature. Its membership is in proportion to the population of the state and hence it differs from state to state. The members are directly elected by the people of the state through a secret ballot, simple majority vote victory and single member territorial constituency system. Orissa Legislative Assembly has 147 members.
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A citizen of India, who is not less than 25 years of age and who fulfills every other qualification as laid down by a law can become its member by winning an election from any constituency in the state. However, no person can simultaneously be a member of two Houses of the Parliament or of any other State Legislature.
The normal term of Legislative is 5 years. However, it can be dissolved by the Governor at any time. It can be suspended or dissolved when an emergency under Art. 356 is proclaimed in the state. In May 2009, in the Orissa Legislative Assembly elections the BJD won 103 seats while the Congress got 26, the BJP 6 and independents and other 12 seats.
(B) Composition of State Legislative Council:
At present only 6 States — Andhra Pradesh, UP, Maharashtra, Karnataka, J&K and Bihar—have Legislative Councils. The popular name of the State Legislative Council is Vidhan Parishad. The total membership of a Legislative council cannot be normally less than 40 and more than l/3rd of the total membership of the State Legislative Assembly.
as laid down by the Parliament, who is not a member of any other legislature or Union Parliament can become a member of the State Legislative Council either by winning an election or by securing Governor’s nomination. Legislative council is a semi-permanent House. It is never dissolved as a whole. 1/3rd of its members retire after every 2 years. Each member has a term of 6 years.
Powers and Functions of a State Legislature:
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Each State Legislature exercises law-making powers over the subjects of the State List and the Concurrent List. In case a state has a unicameral legislature, i.e., in case it has only State Legislative Assembly, all the powers are exercised by it. However, even in case it is a bicameral state legislature with state Legislative Council (Vidhan Parishad) as the upper house and state Legislative Assembly as the lower house, almost all the powers are exercised by the latter. The Legislative Council plays only a secondary and minor role.
Powers of State Legislature:
1. Legislative Powers:
The State Legislature can make laws on the subjects of the State List and the Concurrent List. It can enact any bill on any subject of State List, which becomes an Act with the signatures of the Governor. Normally, the Governor acts as a nominal and constitutional head and as such follows the advice of the State Chief Minister and his Council of Ministers.
Answer:
8 elements
In the Yoga Sutras of Patanjali, there are 8 elements of the yoga path. Patanjali is a pure science of collection Note that the physical yoga practice, the asana element, is only one of the 8 elements of the yoga path.