Question

i need short notes of chapter structure of atom (9 class)

Answer 1

Explanation:

Cathode ray experiment

• J. J. Thomson discovered the existence of electrons.
• He did this using a cathode ray tube, which is a vacuum-sealed tube with a cathode and anode on one end that created a beam of electrons travelling towards the other end of the tube.
• The air inside the chamber is subjected to high voltage and electricity flows through the air from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.
• The characteristics of cathode rays (electrons) do not depend upon the material of electrodes and the nature of the gas present in the cathode ray tube.
• The experiment showed that the atom was not a simple, indivisible particle and contained at least one subatomic particle – the electron.

Kindly refer to attached image

Electrons

• Electrons are the negatively charged sub-atomic particles of an atom.
• The mass of an electron is considered to be negligible, and its charge is -1.
• The symbol for an electron is e–
• Electrons are extremely small.
• They are found outside the nucleus.

Thomson’s model of an atom

According to Thomson

• ,(i) An atom consists of a positively charged sphere, and the electrons are embedded in it.
• (ii) The negative and positive charges are equal in magnitude. So, the atom as a whole is electrically neutral
• The first model of an atom to be put forward and taken into consideration.
• He proposed a model of the atom be similar to that of a Christmas pudding/watermelon.
• The red edible part of the watermelon is compared with the positive charge in the atom.
• The black seeds in the watermelon are compared with the electrons which are embedded on it.

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Answer 2

Answer:

Essentially, the structure of an atom comprises of protons, neutrons and electrons. These basic components provide the mass and charge of the atoms. The nucleus comprises of proton and neutron, with the electron orbiting around that.

Introduction to Structure of an Atom

Atoms

• Atoms are the building blocks of matter. It is the smallest unit of matter that is composed of three sub-atomic particles: the proton, the neutron, and the electron.

Cathode ray experiment

• J. J. Thomson discovered the existence of electrons.
• He did this using a cathode ray tube, which is a vacuum-sealed tube with a cathode and anode on one end that created a beam of electrons travelling towards the other end of the tube.
• The air inside the chamber is subjected to high voltage and electricity flows through the air from the negative electrode to the positive electrode.
• The characteristics of cathode rays (electrons) do not depend upon the material of electrodes and the nature of the gas present in the cathode ray tube.
• The experiment showed that the atom was not a simple, indivisible particle and contained at least one subatomic particle – the electron.

Electrons

• Electrons are the negatively charged sub-atomic particles of an atom.
• The mass of an electron is considered to be negligible, and its charge is -1.
• The symbol for an electron is e–
• Electrons are extremely small.
• They are found outside the nucleus.

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