Question

in agriculture the participations of women is egual to men​

Answer 1

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Answer 2

Answer:

Agriculture can be an important engine of growth and poverty reduction. But the sector is

underperforming in many countries in part because women, who are often a crucial resource in agriculture and

the rural economy, face constraints that reduce their productivity. In this paper we draw on the available

empirical evidence to study in which areas and to what degree women participate in agriculture. Aggregate data

shows that women comprise about 43 percent of the agricultural labour force globally and in developing

countries. But this figure masks considerable variation across regions and within countries according to age and

social class. Time use surveys, which are more comprehensive but typically not nationally representative, add

further insight into the substantial heterogeneity among countries and within countries in women’s contribution

to agriculture. They show that female time-use in agriculture varies also by crop, production cycle, age and

ethnic group. A few time-use surveys have data by activity and these show that in general weeding and

harvesting were predominantly female activities. Overall the labour burden of rural women exceeds that of men,

and includes a higher proportion of unpaid household responsibilities related to preparing food and collecting

fuel and water. The contribution of women to agricultural and food production is significant but it is impossible

to verify empirically the share produced by women. Women’s participation in rural labour markets varies

considerably across regions, but invariably women are over represented in unpaid, seasonal and part-time work,

and the available evidence suggests that women are often paid less than men, for the same work. Available data

on rural and agricultural feminization shows that this is not a general trend but mainly a sub-Saharan Africa

phenomena, as well as observed in some sectors such as unskilled labour in the fruit, vegetable and cut-flower

export sector. This paper re-affirms that women make essential contributions to agriculture and rural enterprises

across the developing world. But there is much diversity in women’s roles and over-generalization undermines

policy relevance and planning. The context is important and policies must be based on sound data and gender

analysis.

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