Name the different type of soil found in india and also mention of regions they are found
Answers
Answer:
Alluvial Soil : This type of soil is mostly seggregated by to the river drainage system in India and rich in Potash, humus with bit Nitrogen. (Lacks phosphorous). Very suitable for agriculture. asoils cover 42% of Indian landmass and are largely found in the river basin and plains like Ganga , yamuna ,bhrahmaputra, godavari ,krishna,etc.
Major chunk being in North to north east with few more areas in coastal AP , Tamilnadu, small portion of kerala and on West found in Gujarat, rajastan.
Red and yellow soil : These soils are formed by weathering of the ancient crystalline and metamorphic rocks. Their color is red due to high iron content.
They cover 18.5% of Indian landmass and are rich in iron and Potash but poor in nitrogen , phosphorous and humus. But suitable for agriculture unlike laterite.
They are found in the regions of north east , chattisgarh,Andhra Pradesh, most of Tamilnadu, and bit portion in madhya Pradesh, odisha, Maharashtra, Telangana,kerala,Karnataka
Black /Regur:
Black soils/regur soils are fromed from igneous rocks.
These soils are rich in Potash,iron,calcium,aluminia but poor in nitrogen, phospate and humus. Water retaining capacity is high due to clay texture and thus are very suitable for crops like cotton.
These soils occupy almost 15% of Indian crust and are found in Deccan plateau region covering Maharashtra, Telangana, Karnataka and small portion of Andhra,chota nagpur plateau,etc
Mountainous : Forest & Mountainous soils by namesake are found in mountain regions at high altitudes. Most of Jammun & Kashmir, Sikkim and parts of Himachal Pradesh, uttarakhand and arunachal Pradesh,assam have this cover.
The texture of mountain soils can be loamy,clayey,alluvial, etc and depends on the mountain region and climate. Covers 8% area of Indian subcontinent.
These soils are suitable for Tea and fruit cultivation.
Laterite: soils are rich in iron and aluminium and is commonly considered to have formed in hot and wet tropical areas.They were developed under extreme & prolonged weather conditions of parents to rocks.
High iron oxide and aluminium and lack of phospate, Potash, nitrogen , humus these soils are not favorable for agriculture but are mostly used for baking bricks.
These soils are found in small proportion in various states like Rajastan, Karnataka, kerala, Tamilnadu, telangana,meghalaya,etc
Arid : These are Sandy soils found in desert areas of India in Thar desert of Rajastan. These are not suitable for agriculture.
Apart from the above, there are other soils randomly found across India in small areas. Such as Saline /alkaline soils and Mangrove soils( at sundarbans of West Bengal).
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HEY MATE THIS IS YOUR ANSWER
1.=Alluvial soil=The alluvial soil occurs mainly in the Satluj- Ganga- Brahmaputra Plains. They are also found in the valleys of the Narmada, Tapi, and the Eastern and Western coastal plains. These soils are mainly derived from the debris brown from the Himalayas. This soil is well-drained and poorly drained with an immature profile in undulating areas. This soil has a phosphorous deficiency. The color of soil varies from light grey to ash. This soil is suited for Rice, maize, wheat, sugarcane, oilseeds, etc.
2.Red soil =This soil developed on Archean granite occupies the second largest area of the country. They are mainly found in the Peninsula from Tamil Nadu in the south to Bundelkhand in the north and Raj Mahal in the east to Kathiawad in the west. This soil is also known as the omnibus group. The presence of ferric oxides makes the colour of soil red. The top layer of the soil is red and the horizon below is yellowish. Generally, these soils are deficient in phosphate, lime, magnesia, humus and nitrogen. This soil is good for the cultivation of wheat, cotton, pulses, tobacco, millets, orchards, potato and oilseeds.
3. Black soil=Black soil is also known cotton soil and internationally it is known as ‘Tropical Chernozems’. This is the third largest group in India. This soil is formed from rocks of cretaceous lava. This stretch over the parts of Gujarat, Maharashtra, Western parts of Madhya Pradesh, North- Western Andhra Pradesh, Karnataka, Tamil Nadu, Rajasthan, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand up to Raj Mahal hills. The soil is rich in iron, lime, calcium, potash, magnesium, and aluminium. It has high water retaining capacity and good for cotton cultivation
4. Desert soil=This soil is deposited by wind action and mainly found in the arid and semi-arid areas like Rajasthan, West of the Aravallis, Northern Gujarat, Saurashtra, Kachchh, Western parts of Haryana and southern part of Punjab. They are sandy with low organic matter. It has low soluble salts and moisture with very low retaining capacity. If irrigated these soil give a high agricultural return. These are suitable for less water-intensive crops like Bajra, pulses, fodder, and guar.
5. Laterite soil=These soft, when they are wet and ‘hard and cloddy’ on drying. These are found mainly in the hills of the Western Ghats, Raj Mahal hills, Eastern Ghats, Satpura, Vindhya, Odisha, Chhattisgarh, Jharkhand, West Bengal, North Cachar Hills and the Garo hills. These are poor in organic matter, nitrogen, potassium, lime and potash. These iron and aluminium rich soils are suitable for the cultivation of rice, ragi, sugarcane, and cashew nuts
6. Grey and brown soil=These soils are found in Rajasthan and Gujarat. It is formed by the weathering of granite, quartzite and gneiss. These loose, friable soils contain iron- oxide (haematite and limonite)