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Nelson Mandela's achievements, struggles or difficulties that he had to overcome in life.
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Explanation:
He spent 27 years of his life in prison from 1964 till 1990. After his release, he and President F. W. de Klerk negotiated an end to apartheid. In 1994, Nelson Mandela became the first black President of South Africa by leading his party to victory in the first multiracial elections in the country.
Answer:
Nelson Mandela was born Rolihlahla Mandela, on July 18, 1918, to Gadla Henry Mphakanyiswa and Nosekeni Fanny. His father served as a local chief and councillor to the monarch. He was a polygamist with four wives and thirteen children, including four boys and nine girls.
Mandela grew up in the village of Qunu. Much of his early years were spent herding the cattle and playing with other boys of the district. Though both his parents were illiterate, they realized the importance of education and sent Mandela to a Methodist school when he was seven. Two years later, Mandela acquired the first name, Nelson, which was given to him by his teacher.
Post the death of his father, Mandela was entrusted to Chief Jongintaba Dalindyebo by his mother. He became a significant part of the Dalindyebo family, who treated young Mandela as their own child.
He attended a mission school which was located near the palace. It was here that his interest in African history grew tremendously. Alongside this, he also studied other subjects like English, Xhosa, history and geography.
When Mandela turned 16, he travelled to Tyhalarha to undergo the circumcision ritual that symbolically marked the transition from boys to men. After the rite was over, he was given the name ‘Dalibunga’
Mandela attained his secondary education from reputed institution, post which he enrolled at the Methodist college in Fort Beaufort in 1937. Though the teachers emphasized on the significance and superiority of English culture and government, Mandela found his true calling in native African culture.
He then attended the University of Fort Hare to attain his graduation degree but due to his involvement in the Student Representative Council and his boycotting against the university policies, he was told to leave.
Mandela moved to Johannesburg in 1941. While he completed his BA via a correspondence course during the night, most of the time during the day was dedicated to working for the African National Congress activist, Walter Sisulu.
State president F.W. de Klerk lifted the ban on the ANC and announced the release of Nelson Mandela from the prison on February 2, 1990. His years at jail had not weakened the spirit of fighting in him, as Mandela declared his commitment to bring peace to the black majority and give them right to vote in elections.
He returned to the leadership of ANCF and resumed office as the elected President of ANC, headquartered in Shell House. With his multi-party negotiation, he argued for the first multi-racial elections.
Though the White South African’s were willing to share power, the black wanted complete control and transfer of power. Due to this, violent eruptions became common. However, Mandela worked to achieving a delicate balance of political pressure and intense negotiation amidst armed resistance.
In 1994, South Africa held its first democratic elections. The result of the election was in favour of Mandela who went on to become the country’s first Black President.
As a President, Mandela worked day in and out to smoothen the transition of a minority black rule to a majority black rule. He ended the apartheid rule and established a new Constitution, according to which a strong central government based on majority rule was formed that guaranteed the rights of minorities and the freedom of expression.
He introduced new reforms in economic policy to encourage land reform, combat poverty and expand healthcare services. On the international platform, Mandela served as the mediator for Libya and United Kingdom and oversaw military intervention in Lesotho
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