types of polyatomic ions
Answers
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A polyatomic ion, also known as a molecular ion, is a charged chemical species composed of two or more atoms covalently bonded or of a metal complex that can be considered to be acting as a single unit. The prefix poly- means "many," in Greek, but even ions of two atoms are commonly referred to as polyatomic
Answer:
Polyatomic ion definition: A polyatomic ion is an ion composed of two or more atoms.
Examples: The hydroxide cation (OH-) and the phosphate cation (PO43-) are both polyatomic ions.
Explanation:
Polyatomic ions are covalently bonded groups of atoms with a positive or negative charge caused by the formation of an ionic bond with another ion. Compounds formed from such ion combinations are called polyatomic ionic compounds, but the polyatomic ion behaves as a single unit
TL;DR (Too Long; Didn't Read)
A polyatomic ion has two or more covalently bonded atoms that act as a single ion. The polyatomic ion forms ionic bonds with other ions and acts externally as a unit, just like monatomic ions. The resulting polyatomic ionic compounds can take part in the different types of chemical reactions, dissolving and dissociating in water. While behaving as a single unit externally, the internal structure of a polyatomic ion is more complicated because two or more atoms form internal covalent bonds.
Polyatomic Ionic Compound Sulfuric Acid
Many common chemicals are polyatomic compounds and contain polyatomic ions. For example, sulfuric acid, with the chemical formula H2SO4, contains hydrogen ions and the polyatomic sulfate anion SO4-2. The sulfur atom has six electrons in its outer shell and shares them covalently with the oxygen atoms that also have six electrons in their outer shells. The four oxygen atoms would need to have eight electrons shared between them, leaving a deficit of two. In sulfuric acid, the sulfate radical forms ionic bonds with the hydrogen atoms that donate an electron each to become hydrogen ions, H+. The sulfate radical receives the two electrons to become SO4-2.
Polyatomic Ion NH4+ or Ammonium
Most polyatomic ions contain oxygen and are negatively charged anions because the oxygen atoms attract electrons. Ammonium is one of the few positively charged polyatomic ions or cations and doesn't contain oxygen
Reaction of Two Polyatomic Ionic Compounds
Like any acid and base, polyatomic ionic acids and bases react to form water and a salt in a neutralization reaction. For example, the two polyatomic compounds above, sulfuric acid and ammonium hydroxide, will react to form water and ammonium sulfate. The polyatomic ions stay together, each maintaining their covalent bonds, while the hydrogen and hydroxide ions combine to form water.
The chemical reaction takes place as follows:
2NH4OH + H2SO4 = (NH4)2SO4 +2H2O
The ammonium hydroxide in water dissociates into ammonium and hydroxide ions. The sulfuric acid dissociates into hydrogen and sulfate ions. In solution, the hydrogen and hydroxide ions combine to form water while the ammonium and sulfate ions stay in solution. If the water is removed, ammonium sulfate crystallizes out of solution as a new polyatomic ionic compound.
