What are the reasons for various defects observed in welding?
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Most weld defects are the welders fault at the end of the day, and I would say almost all weld defects are from inexperience. Things like being able to control:
undercut (incorrect amp settings/rod angle or inclination)
porosity (dirty base metal/too long of an arc/environmental factors like wind)
cold lapping/lack of fusion (not keeping the arc on the leading edge of the puddle with MIG. Or not maintaining the proper arc length with stick)
Incomplete penetration (caused by improper fit up, too tight of a gap. Or too low of an amp setting
Slag inclusion (trying to fill too much at once, or weaving a bead too wide, not maintaining proper arc length)
All of these problems (especially improper fit up) will go away as you learn and grow in the trade. And with enough experience most defects can be avoided. The most important things to keep in mind are rod angle/inclination, good gap/fit, and proper settings.
undercut (incorrect amp settings/rod angle or inclination)
porosity (dirty base metal/too long of an arc/environmental factors like wind)
cold lapping/lack of fusion (not keeping the arc on the leading edge of the puddle with MIG. Or not maintaining the proper arc length with stick)
Incomplete penetration (caused by improper fit up, too tight of a gap. Or too low of an amp setting
Slag inclusion (trying to fill too much at once, or weaving a bead too wide, not maintaining proper arc length)
All of these problems (especially improper fit up) will go away as you learn and grow in the trade. And with enough experience most defects can be avoided. The most important things to keep in mind are rod angle/inclination, good gap/fit, and proper settings.
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