Question

What is a buffer solution?Discuss buffer action of both acidic buffer and basic buffer solutions.

Answer 1

A buffer is a solution containing the weak acid and it conjugate base in similar amount.

Answer 2

$\textbf{\large{Answer -}}$

$\textbf{Buffer Solution :}$

The solution which resist any change in it's pH value by adding small amount of acid or bases are known as buffer solution.

$\textbf{Types of buffer solution :}$

1. Solution of single substance
2. Solution of mixture substance

$\textbf{Solution of single substance :}$

Solution of salt of weak acid and weak base will act as a buffer solution.

Example : $CH_{3}COONH_{4}, (NH_{4})_{2}CO_{3}, (NH_{4})_{2}S$

$\textbf{Solution of mixture substance :}$

It is of two types i.e., acidic buffer solution and basic buffer solution.

• $\textbf{Acidic buffer solution :}$

It is a solution of weak acid and the salt of this weak acid with strong base.

Example -

1. $CH_{3}COOH + CH_{3}COONa$
2. $HCN + NaOH$
3. $H_{2}S + K_{2}S$
4. $H_{2}CO_{3} + Na_{2}CO_{3}$

• $\textbf{Basic buffer solution :}$

It is a solution of weak base and the salt of this weak base with strong acid.

Example -

1. $NH_{4}OH + NH_{4}Cl$
2. $Mg(OH)_{2} + MgSO_{4}$