Question

what is khilafat movement

Answer 1

Muslims all over the world considered the sultan of Turkey as their spiritual leader , Khalifa. During the first world war, Turkey sided with Germany and Austria against the British. After the British victory , Khalifa was removed from power and Turkey was dismembered.

The Muslims of the world including India Muslims demanded that :

Khalifa’s control over sacred places should be retainedKhalifa should be left with sufficient territories after the negotiations

In 1919 , Khilafat committee was formed to change British attitude towards Turkey. It was lead by Ali brother ( Shaukat and Muhammed Ali). 

Answer 2

In the first world war, Turkey was defeated by the British.
So the sultan of Turkey was deprived of his power.
Therefore, Muslims all over the world started to fight against the British as the sultan was considered to be the spiritual head.
This movement was known as Kilafat Movement