Question

what is role os stomata in plants

Answer 1

the carbon dioxide gas enters the leaves of the plant through the stomato

Answer 2

In botany, a stoma (also stomate; plural stomata) is a tiny opening or pore, found mostly on the under-surface (epidermis) of a plant leaf, and used for gas exchange.

The pore is formed by a pair of specialized parenchyma cells known as guard cells which are responsible for regulating the size of the opening. Air containing carbon dioxide enters the plant through these openings where it gets used in photosynthesis and respiration.

Oxygen produced by photosynthesis in the chlorenchyma cells (parenchyma cells with chloroplasts) of the leaf interior escapes through these same openings.

Also, water vapor is released into the atmosphere through these pores in a process called transpiration.

Dicotyledons usually have more stomata on the lower epidermis than the upper epidermis.

As these leaves are held horizontally, upper epidermis is directly illuminated. Locating fewer stomata on the upper epidermis can then prevent excess water loss.

Monocotyledons are different. Because their leaves are held vertically, they have the same number of stomata on the two epidermes.

If the plant has floating leaves, there will be no stomata on the lower epidermis and they absorb gases directly from water through the cuticle. If it is a submerged leaf, no stomata will be present on either side.