What is the relationship between the electronic configuration and the modern periodic table?
Answers
As we already know, the periodic table as we have it know, is ordered by "the number of electrons each atom has". This way, number is for H (Hydrogen, Hidrógeno) that has 1 electron, number 2 is for He (Helium, Helio), that has 2 electrons and so on.
Every atom has one more electron than the previous one. This is what we call "electrón diferenciador".
Beware!!! When we have an ion (anion, cation), we need to add or subtract the number of electrons related to the charge it has.
If we write the electronic configurations of the atoms in the periodic table, we will notice that there are four main groups of atoms (4 different types of orbitals, remember):
If we complete the electronic configuration: (groud state=no extra energy, estado natural no excitado)
An outline of the periodic configuration concept:
If we know the place the atom is in, we already know the electronic configuration.
Notice this, it is very important for the next part related to links in chemistry:
So... why would elements link?? Noble gases have no need to link any other atom to reach stability, but the rest need to stablish a way to complete the electronic configuration to make it similar to a noble gas, and that´s why they link. (You can have a look at last year´s notes)
Depending on the electronic configuration of the elements, they will give electrons to other atoms, they will accept electrons from other atoms, they will share pairs of electrons with other atoms or they will give electrons to a net to have an electron cloud.
These behaviours can be related to the three ways of linking we are going to study: ionic link, covalent link and metallic link.
Which atoms would prefer each type of link?
Have a look at the electronic configurations and explain it.
Answer:
Every atom has one more electron than the previous one. This is what we call "electrón diference