Which of the countries have been categorized as low income countries and high income countries according to world development report
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Are richer countries polluting more than poorer ones? What progress in poverty reduction has been made in countries affected by fragility and conflict? To help shed light how different groups of countries are doing, the World Bank categorizes countries based on various characteristics, such as geography, lending eligibility, fragility, and average level of income. When it comes to income , the World Bank divides the world's economies into four income groups: high, upper-middle, lower-middle, and low.
The income classification is based on a measure of national income per person, or GNI per capita, calculated using the Atlas method. In 1978, the first World Development Report introduced groupings of "low income" and "middle income" countries using a threshold of $250 per capita income as threshold between the groups. In the 1983 WDR, the "middle income group" was split into "lower middle" and "upper middle" groups, and in 1989 a "high income" country definition was introduced.
Since then, the thresholds to distinguish between the income groups have been adjusted for prices over time. As of 1 July 2019, low-income economies are defined as those with a GNI per capita, calculated using the World Bank Atlas method, of $1,025 or less in 2018; lower middle-income economies are those with a GNI per capita between $1,026 and $3,995; upper middle-income economies are those between $3,996 and $12,375; high-income economies are those with a GNI per capita of $12,376 or more. The chart shows how the thresholds, and various countries' economies have evolved over time.
As seen in the above chart, many countries' incomes have transcended the income group thresholds over time. Because most parts of the world have experienced considerable economic growth in recent decades, and the classification thresholds are held stable in real terms, there are now fewer low-income countries and more countries have gained middle or high-income status. Just since 2003, the number of low-income countries has nearly halved, declining from 66 to 31 in 2019. The number of high-income countries is currently 80, up from less than 50 in the 1990s. The number of middle-income countries is 107 (60 UMICs and 47 LMICs) and has not changed much as countries have transitioned both in and out of this group. The chart below summarizes the number of countries in each group over time.