Question

Which one of the following scientists and their works is correctly matched?
(a) Aryabhatta calculated the value of ‘Pi’.
(b) Kanad gave the atomic theory.
(c) Charak gave the concepts of plastic surgery and cataract operation.
(d) Bhaskaracharya introduced negative numbers and operations on zero into mathematics.​

Answer 1

Option B - Kanad gave the atomic theory.

■  Explanation :-

• Baudhayan :- He was the fi rst one ever to arrive at several concepts in Mathematics, which were later rediscovered by the western world. The value of pi was first calculated by him.

• As you know, pi is useful in calculating the area and circumference of a circle. What is known as Pythagoras theorem today is already found in Baudhayan’s Sulva Sutra, which was written several years before the age of Pythagoras.

• Aryabhatta :- Aryabhatta was a fifth century mathematician, astronomer, astrologer and physicist. He was a pioneer in the field of mathematics.

• At the age of 23, he wrote Aryabhattiya, which is a summary of mathematics of his time. There are four sections in this scholarly work. In the first section he describes the method of denoting big decimal numbers by alphabets. In the second section, we find difficult questions from topics of modern day Mathematics such as number theory, geometry, trigonometry and Beejganita (algebra). The remaining two sections are on astronomy. Aryabhatta showed that zero was not a numeral only but also a symbol and a concept. Discovery of zero enabled Aryabhatta to find out the exact distance between the earth and the moon. The discovery of zero also opened up a new dimension of negative numerals.

• Kanad :- Kanad was a sixth century scientist of Vaisheshika School, one of the six systems of Indian philosophy.

• His atomic theory can be a match to any modern atomic theory.

• According to Kanad, material universe is made up of kanas, (anu/atom) which cannot be seen through any human organ. These cannot be further subdivided. Thus, they are indivisible and indestructible.

• Charak :- Charak is considered the father of ancient Indian science of medicine.

• He was the Raj Vaidya (royal doctor) in the court of Kanishka.

• His Charak Samhita is a remarkable book on medicine. It has the description of a large number of diseases and gives methods of identifying their causes as well as the method of their treatment.

• He was the first to talk about digestion, metabolism and immunity as important for health and so medical science.

• In Charak Samhita, more stress has been laid on removing the cause of disease rather than simply treating the illness. Charak also knew the fundamentals of Genetics. Don’t you find it fascinating that thousands of years back, medical science was at such an advanced stage in India.

• Bhaskaracharya :- Bhaskaracharya was the leading light of 12th Century. He was born at Bijapur, Karnataka. He is famous for his book Siddanta Shiromani.

• It is divided into four sections :- Lilavati (Arithmetic), Beejaganit (Algebra), Goladhyaya (Sphere) and Grahaganit (mathematics of planets).

• Bhaskara introduced Chakrawat.

• Method or the Cyclic Method to solve algebraic equations. This method was rediscovered six centuries later by European mathematicians, who called it inverse cycle. In the nineteenth century, an English man, James Taylor, translated Lilavati and made this great work known to the world.

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Answer 2

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