Five physical and five chemical properties of metal and non-metal
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Physical properties of metal :
The physical properties make them useful for many purposes. For e.g. Copper is used in making electric wires, gold is used to make jewellery, stainless steel is used to make pots, pans, etc .
Metals react with nonmetals to form ionic bonds. For e.g. Sodium Chloride (NaCl) .
Metals are a good conductor of electricity which means that they can conduct electricity due to the free moving electrons present in them. Copper is used as wiring as it is a good conductor of electricity.
Metals have high melting points and high boiling points as they have strong metallic bonds.
All metals are physically lustrous. They have a lustre that makes them shine. Gold is used for making jewellery.
Metals are hard, they can’t be broken easily and require a lot of energy and strength to break. Iron is used to make cars, buildings, ships, etc.
Metals weigh a lot as they have a high density. Metals are heavy for their size.
They don’t have flexibility and have tensile strength. Metals can’t be stretched.
Metals are great conductors of heat. That’s why pots, pans, vessels are made of metals.
Physical Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals have high ionization energies.
They have high electronegativities.
Nonmetals are insulators which means that they’re poor conductors of electricity.
They are dull, they do not have lustre like metals.
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat. They’re poor thermal conductors.
They are very weak and brittle. They tend to easily break or shatter.
Nonmetals have a low density. They’re light for their size.
They aren’t good conductors of sound and do not make sounds when they are hit.
They tend to gain electrons easily.
Nonmetals maybe solid, liquids or gaseous.
Nonmetals form acidic oxides.
They’re good oxidizing agents.
Generally, Nonmetals have four to eight electrons in the outer shell.
Chemical properties of metals.
The density of metals is usually high.
Metals are malleable and ductile.
Metals form an alloy with other metals or non – metals.
Some metals react with air and corrode. For e.g. Iron.
Metals are good conductors of heat and electricity. Lead is an exception.
Generally, metals are in a solid state at room temperature. Except for Mercury. Mercury is in a liquid state.
Many metals produce metal oxide by burning in the oxygen of the air. Highly reactive metals react violently when they’re burnt in oxygen.
Metals like sodium and potassium are stored in oil as they react with air in seconds. They’re highly reactive metals.
Less reactive metals like gold, silver, platinum, etc do not tarnish easily. They stay shiny and lustrous.
Metals produce metal oxide and hydrogen gas while reacting with water.
Soluble metal oxides dissolve in water and create metal hydroxide.
Not all metals react with water. However, highly reactive metals like sodium and potassium react with water violently and an exothermic reaction takes places where the hydrogen immediately catches fire.
Salt and hydrogen are produced when a metal reacts with an acid.
Generally, a metal displaces a less reactive metal in a metal salt solution.
Chemical Properties of Nonmetals
Nonmetals are poor conductors of heat and electricity. Graphite and Gas carbon are exceptions.
Unlike metals, nonmetals aren’t malleable and ductile.
Nonmetals react more with metals than with nonmetals.
Usually, nonmetals react with other nonmetals in high temperature.
Most nonmetals do not react with air in room temperature.
White phosphorus is the only nonmetal that reacts with air to form its oxide by burning.
Usually, nonmetals do not react with water. Except for Chlorine, chlorine dissolves in water to form an acidic solution.
Nonmetals have a low density.
They do not form alloys. However, nonmetals like carbon, silicon and phosphorous.
Nonmetals exist in all states of matter at room temperature.
Different nonmetals have different reactions.
Chlorine is the most reactive metal in the halogen family i.e. Chlorine (Cl), Bromine (Br), Iodine (I), and Fluorine (F). The reactivity order of the halogen family is Cl > Br > I.
Therefore, Chlorine (Cl) can displace Bromine (Br) and Iodine (I) from solutions of bromides (NaBr) and Iodides (NaI).
Ionic solids are formed when nonmetals with high electronegativity react with alkali and alkaline earth metals.
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