Why does the government function at two level in a federation
Answers
A federation (also known as a federal state) is a political entity characterized by a union of partially self-governing provinces, states, or other regions under a central federal government. In a federation, the self-governing status of the component states, as well as the division of power between them and the central government, is typically constitutionally entrenched and may not be altered by a unilateral decision of either party, the states or the federal political body. Alternatively, federation is a form of government in which sovereign power is formally divided between a central authority and a number of constituent regions so that each region retains some degree of control over its internal affairs.
Answer:
The whole point is to separate the regions with special needs from abuse by the more dominant political power. Special needs means a different language, ethnicity, culture, religion, or history.
The separation works by granting defined independence and some autonomy from the national center. Hopefully, that will enable the region to develop locally as it sees fit. In exchange, the region sacrifices some direct influence on foreign affairs. After a couple of generations the region might feel solidarity with the nation and could possibly replace the federation with a unitary system that is cheaper, faster, and more efficient.
The two-level system refers to what is known as the “layer-cake model” of federalism. There is another federal system known as the “marble-cake model” of federalism where the balance and concentration of federal relations varies by each agency of public service but most commonly applies to fiscal federalism.